First Steps
From RockWiki
The first steps after installing an operating system from scratch can sometimes be a bit painful. Here are some hints how to get your system up and running:
Contents |
Main Menu
This is the Main Menu of STONE which you can call up with the command:
root@localhost:~# stone
It is also automatically started at the end of the installation.
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| Main Menu - Select the Subsystem you want to configure
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1. Various general system configurations
2. Kernel Drivers and Hardware Configuration
3. Network Configuration
4. User and Group management
5. General Purpose Mouse (GPM) Daemon
6. SSH Daemon configuration
7. X11/X.Org (Graphical User Interface)
8. DeviceMapper configuration (encrypted filesystems)
9. GRUB Boot Loader Setup
10. PostgreSQL Database Setup
11. Runlevel Configuration (Services)
12. System Init Configuration
13. Package Management (Install, Update and Remove)
>
Adding a user account
The first thing you probably want and should do is adding a user account (unless you have reason not to do so).
Select the option 4. User and Group management and this menu will appear:
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| User and Group management
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- User Managemeint
1. root (root)
2. emergency root (toor)
3. bin (bin)
4. daemon (daemon)
5. nobody (nobody)
6. postfix (postfix)
7. Apache Webserver (http)
8. D-Bus Message Daemon User (messagebus)
9. HAL-Daemon (haldaemon)
10. mysql (mysql)
11. openldap (openldap)
12. sshd privsep (sshd)
13. postgresql (postgres)
14. Usenet News (news)
15. Privoxy (privoxy)
16. tor (tor)
17. bitlbee (bitlbee)
18. Add new user
>>
Here the >> is indicating that there are more pages to show. Press Enter to show them:
- Group Management 20. root 21. bin 22. daemon 23. shadow 24. games 25. tty 26. disk 27. kmem 28. mail 29. video 30. cdrom 31. users 32. nogroup 33. nobody 34. wheel 35. crontab 36. postdrop >>
37. postfix 38. sound 39. http 40. messagebus 41. haldaemon 42. mysql 43. openldap 44. sshd 45. plugdev 46. postgres 47. news 48. privoxy 49. tor 50. bitlbee 51. Add new group >
Using option 18 you can now add a new user. You will be asked a few questions about the user and then he will be created.
Note that the current implementation does not ask you for a password. You can however set it by selecting the user later and select "Set a new password".
Note also that for a user to be able to use the su command he must be in the wheel group.
To achieve this, select the group wheel from the menu above (option 34 in this example):
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| Manage group wheel
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1. Group name: wheel
2. Group ID: 10
3. Members:
>
You see that the group has no members so far. That's fine, since the user root does not need to be part of the wheel group.
Now add a user to the group by selecting option 3:
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| Manage Members of group wheel
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1. [ ] root
2. [ ] toor
3. [ ] bin
4. [ ] daemon
5. [ ] nobody
6. [ ] postfix
7. [ ] http
8. [ ] messagebus
9. [ ] haldaemon
10. [ ] mysql
11. [ ] openldap
12. [ ] sshd
13. [ ] postgres
14. [ ] news
15. [ ] blindcoder
16. [ ] privoxy
17. [ ] tor
18. [ ] bitlbee
>
As you can see, my system already has a few more users than the default installation delivers. To add a user to the group, simply select the number in front of it:
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| Manage Members of group wheel
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1. [ ] root
2. [ ] toor
3. [ ] bin
4. [ ] daemon
5. [ ] nobody
6. [ ] postfix
7. [ ] http
8. [ ] messagebus
9. [ ] haldaemon
10. [ ] mysql
11. [ ] openldap
12. [ ] sshd
13. [ ] postgres
14. [ ] news
15. [X] blindcoder
16. [ ] privoxy
17. [ ] tor
18. [ ] bitlbee
>
You can add as few or many users as you like. Press Enter to return to the previous menu:
+---
| Manage group wheel
+---
1. Group name: wheel
2. Group ID: 10
3. Members: blindcoder
>
As you can see, the user was added to the group successfully.
configuring the X server
Select option 7. X11/X.Org (Graphical User Interface) if you want to have a graphical user interface on your system:
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| X.Org Configuration Menu
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1. Run xorgcfg (recommended, new interactive config)
2. Run X -configure (automated config)
3. Run xorgconfig (old textual config)
4. [ ] Use KDE v3.5 display manager in runlevel 5
5. [ ] Use X11 dislay manager in runlevel 5
6. [ ] Use KDE v3.5 as default Windowmanager
7. [ ] Use TWM as default Windowmanager
8. Edit/View /etc/X11/xorg.conf
9. Edit/View /etc/profile.d/windowmanager
>
To get a first X configuration, select option 2. Run X -configure (automated config). For most systems, this shoudl be fine. (Note that this will not set up 3D hardware acceleration for NVidia or ATI cards! See the respective pages on getting that to work: ATI NVIDIA)
Next, select your display and window manager and you can start your graphical session with the command init 5.
Runlevel Configuration
Speaking of init. To control which services are started at boot, select option 11. Runlevel Configuration (Services)
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| Runlevel Editor - Select an item to change the priority or runlevels
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1. 01 12345 system System bootup and shutdown
2. 02 12345 microcode Upload microcode-updates on Intel (no AMD) C
3. 11 -2345 sysklogd linux system logging utilities
4. 13 ----- hotplug User space part of the Linux Kernel hotplug
5. 14 ----- irda infrared wireless communication
6. 15 --345 network setting up network devices
7. 16 --345 portmap The RPC portmapper daemon
8. 17 ----- netfs mounting and unmounting of network fs
9. 19 ----- nscd Name Switch Cache Daemon
10. 22 --345 spamd The spamassassin mail filter server
11. 25 -2345 cron daemon to execute scheduled commands
12. 25 ----- dhcp ISC DHCP Server
13. 25 ----- gpm mouse server for virtual consoles
14. 25 --345 inetd internet "super-server"
15. 25 --345 knfsd Kernel NFS Daemon
16. 25 ----- ntpd The Network Time Protocol Daemon
17. 25 --345 postfix the Postfix server
18. 25 --345 sshd secure shell daemon
19. 30 ----- cups The CUPS print server
>>
Here you get an overview over your installed service programs. Each line is diviced into several parts: First, the priority of the service: lower number means that it is started earlier in the bootprocess. Second, the init levels during which the service is started: there are five of them and they are used like this:
Level 1: Singleuser mode. This mode is for resolving potential problems with the system only. Level 2: Multiuser mode without network. This is the normal mode of operation for a system without a network connection. Level 3: Multiuser mode with network. This is the normal mode of operation for a system connected to a network (the internet, for example). Level 4: undefined. Level 5: Multiuser mode with network and X. This is the normal mode of operation for a system connected to a network and a Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse input device.
The third column is a short name of the program to start. And the rest is a long description of the service.
Here you can select any option and then select which runlevels to start them in. Remember that the only runlevel you are bound to is Level 1. The rest can be freely changed to your liking.
The default init level
To select the default init level, select the option 12. System Init Configuration.
You will be reminded of the default use of the init levels in this menu:
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| Select the default runlevel (Current: 2)
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1. 1 ... Single user mode
2. 2 ... Multi user mode without network
3. 3 ... Multi user mode (normal operation)
4. 4 ... Custom use
5. 5 ... Multi user mode with graphical login manager
>
Have fun
Now you're ready to work/play with your shiny new installed system :) All that's left is to have a lot of fun!
